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[*] 2193. Final clauses denote purpose and are introduced by ἵνα, ὅπως, ὡς in order that, that (Lat. ut); negative ἵνα μή, ὅπως μή, ὡς μή, and μή alone, lest (Lat. ne). a. Also by ὄφρα, strictly while, until, in Epic and Lyric; and ἕως in Epic (2418). ἵνα is the chief final conjunction in Aristophanes, Herodotus, Plato, and the orators. It is the only purely final conjunction in that it does not limit the idea of purpose by the idea of time (like ὄφρα and ἕως), or of manner (like ὅπως and ὡς); and therefore never takes ἄν (κέν), since the purpose is regarded as free from all conditions (2201 b). ὅπως is the chief final conjunction in Thucydides, and in Xenophon (slightly more common than ἵνα). ὡς often shows the original meaning in which way, how, as (cp. 2578, 2989). It is rare in prose, except in Xenophon, and does not occur on inscriptions; rare in Aristophanes, but common in tragedy, especially in Euripides. μή is very rare in prose, except in Xenophon and Plato (μὴ οὐ is very rare in Homer and in Attic: X. M. 2.2.14). b. In order that no one is ἵνα (etc.) μηδείς or μή τις, in order that . . . never is ἵνα (etc.) μήποτε or μή ποτε, and in order that . . . not is μηδέ after μή.
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