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ἐκ τοῦ περὶ τῆς κακώσεως νόμου ‘Now this appears, not only from the foregoing consideration, but also from the law which deals with breaches of natural duty’. An εἰσαγγελία κακώσεως might be laid against (1) a son, on behalf of his parents — or, acc. to this passage, his grand-parents: (2) a husband, on behalf of his wife, she being an ἐπίκληρος [the phrase is always ταῖς ἐπικλήροις]: (3) a guardian, ἐπίτροπος, on behalf of his ward, — as in reference to the estate of Hagnias (or. XI., introd. p. 379). In cases of κάκωσις the accuser could speak ἄνευ ὕδατος, without limit of time (Harpocr. 161), and was not liable to the ἐπωβελία (or fine in 1/6th of the damages laid) if he failed to gain a fifth of the votes. — For the term γονεῖς extended to πρόγονοι, cp. Her. I. 91, Κροῖσος δὲ πέμπτου γονέος (i.e. of Gyges) τὴν ἁμαρτάδα ἐξέπλησε.

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    • Herodotus, Histories, 1.91
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