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Λυδοί: equipped like Greeks, the Ἑλληνικὴ σκευή being taken for granted, and nowhere exactly described. Cp. Appendix II. § 5.
Μηίονες ἐκαλεῦντο τὸ πάλαι, ἐπὶ δὲ Λυδοῦ τοῦ Ἄτυος: exactly agreeing with 1. 7 ἀπόγονοι Λυδοῦ τοῦ Ἄτυος ἀπ᾽ ὅτευ ὁ δῆμος Λύδιος ἐκλήθη ὁ πᾶς οὖτος πρότερον Μηίων καλεόμενος. That there is no reference here to the ‘Lydian Logi’ (as, for example, in 5. 36) is a problem easily solved on the supposition that the Lydian Logi were not in existence when this passage was first written. Cp. c. 27 supra. After all the wealth of information in Bk. 1 about Lydia and the Lydians, this snippet in the army-list would cut but a poor figure! ‘Lydians’ are unknown to ‘Homer,’ ‘Maionians’ known, e.g. Μῄονες (Il. 2. 864, 10. 431), Μῃονίς (4. 142), Μῃονίη (3. 401). In historic times the name ‘Maionia’ still was attached to the eastern part of Lydia (Ptolemy, Pliny), or to a town in that district (Hierocl. p. 670). The Lydian appellation only came up with the rise of the Mermnad dynasty (unknown before that to the Assyrians, par exemple). The Lydians of history were a mixed population, in which European (Phrygian, Maionian) and antochthonous (Lydian) elements are distinguishable. Cp. c. 27 supra and Kretschmer, Einleitung 384 ff.; Radet, La Lydie pp. 50 ff. ἔσχον τὴν ἐπωνυμίην μεταβαλόντες τὸ οὔνομα reads like a false antithesis, and is at best a clumsy diffusion.
Μυσοί: cp. c. 20 supra. The Mysians seem marvellously ill-armed, with no offensive weapon but a throwing stick! Cp. c. 71 supra.
Λυδῶν ἄποικοι. If the Lydians represented the indigenous Anatolian element, the Mysians, those of Mt. Olympos included, Europeans as they were, could hardly be kinsmen! Perhaps, however, underlying the immigrant ‘Mysians,’ there might be men, and mountaineers, in Mysia, descended of the origmal stock, and as such ‘brothers’ (1. 171), and ‘colonists,’ or ‘settlers,’ from ‘Lydia.’ There was perhaps a difference between those dwelling round Olympos (Mysia) and the mountaineers (Ὀλυμπιηνοί, Ὀλυμπηνοί, Strabo). Cp. Strabo 574 ἔστι τοίνυν ὁ Ὄλυμπος κυκλῷ μὲν εὖ συνοικούμενος, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕψεσι δρυμοὺς ὲξαισίους ἔχων καὶ λῃστήρια δυναμένους ἐκτρέφειν τόπους εὐερκεῖς, ἐν οἷς καὶ τύραννοι συνίστανται πολλάκις δυνάμενοι συμμεῖναι πολὺν χρόνον, καθάπερ Κλέων ὀ καθ: ἡμᾶς τῶν ληοτηρίων ἠγεμών. (Kleon, however, sounds like a Greek.) The Mysians figure in the Anabasis of Xenophon as a trouhlesome and liberty-loving folk, and it is likely enough that there were not many of them in the army of Xerxes. (The ‘Mysians’ whom Agesilaus cut up in his attack on Pharnahazos, 395 B.C. (Xenoph. Hist. 4. 1. 24) were probably mercenaries.)
Ἀρταφρένης ὁ Ἀρταφρένεος: Acbaimenids, the father being a son of Hystaspes (5. 25), and therefore the king's uncle. The younger Artaphrenes has been mentioned supra (cc. 8, 10) without the patronymic, but it seems impossible to mention him without a reference to Marathon! There is no reference, however, to the previous composition of the Marathonian story.
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