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52.7. cohortatus, prosecutus: for the tense of these participles, cf. § 491 (290. b); B. 336. 5; G. 282. N.; H. 640. 1 (550. N. 1); H-B. 601. 1. 52.9.

obsides （pred. appos.）, as hostages: if the chiefs should break their faith, these boys would probably be sold as slaves; cf. also note on 8 11. — quae omnia, and all this. Latin very frequently connects clauses by a relative where our idiom prefers a conj. with a demonstrative （§ 308. f (201. e); B. 251. 6; G. 610. R. 1; H. 510 (453); H-B. 284. 8）. 52.11.

quanto opere … intersit, how greatly it concerns both the republic and their common safety. For the genitives, see § 355 (222); B. 211. 1; G. 381; H. 449. 1 (406. III); H-B. 345. 52.12.

intersit: indir. quest.; cf. 50 26, 51 10. — manūs （acc. plu.） … distineri: infin. clause, subject of intersit. — ne confligendum sit, lest they should have to contend: clause of purpose （§ 530 (317); B. 282. 1; G. 545. 3; H. 568 (497. II); H-B. 502. 2）, depending on distineri; confligendum sit is an impers. 2d periphrastic; see § 193, 208. c (129, 146. d); B. 115, 138; G. 208, 251. 2; H. 237, 302. 7 (234, 301.2); H-B. 162, 600. 3. a. 52.13.

id fieri posse, etc., this, he said, could be done, etc. Notice that no new word of saying is necessary in Latin, but in English one is usually inserted parenthetically. 52.14.

suas copias: the emphatic position opposes the forces of the Haedui to the Roman army. — Bellovacorum: these lay farthest west and most remote from Caesar's field of operations; so that the manoeuvre indicated would divide the enemy （cf. 56 21-25） . — introduxerint … coeperint: fut. condition; in the dir. disc. these would be fut. perf. （§ 516. c (307. c); B. 303; G. 596. 1; H. 574 (508); H-B. 579. a, 577. a）. 52.15.

eorum: i.e. Bellovacorum. — datis: words thus printed in Italics are conjectural readings not found in the MSS. 52.16.

dimittit: the effect of his mission appears in 56 23, and he has returned to Caesar in 59 2. — postquam … vidit, as soon as he saw. （§ 543 (324); B. 287; G. 561; H. 508 (518); H-B. 557.） 52.17.

neque: -que connects vidit and cognovit; ne- with iam = no longer. — [vidit]: see note on [eorum], 9 17. 52.18.

ab eis: construed with cognovit. 52.19.

Axonam （apposition）, the Aisne; here flowing nearly due west, and joining the Seine below Paris, through the Oise. — in extremis finibus, in the remotest part of the territory of the Remi （§ 293 (193); B. 241. 1; H. 497. 4 (440. 2, notes 1 and 2); H-B. 244）; the phrase is used in a general sense merely, for Bibrax, a town of the Remi, lay eight miles farther off. 52.20.

exercitum is dir. object of traducere; flumen （l. 19） is secondary object, depending on trans （tra-duco = trans-duco） （§ 395. b (239. 2. b); B. 179. 1; G. 331. R. 1; H. 413 (376); H-B. 386）. — castra: the site of this camp has been made out at Berry au Bac （Fig. 31）, a little village about twelve miles north by west of Rheims and about twenty-five miles east of Soissons. Traces of Caesar's works at this place were discovered in 1862, on a low hill called Mauchamp （see map, Fig. 32）. 52.21.

quae res, this movement （or manoeuvre）, i.e. his having crossed the river, and then pitched his camp where he did. Caesar's camp was protected in the rear by the Axona, and in front by a small marshy stream. — ripis: cf. frumento, 50 19. 52.22.

post eum quae essent, the rear of his army; lit. [those things] which were behind him. — tuta: pred. acc. （§ 393. N (239. a. N. 1); B. 177. 2; G. 340; H. 410. 3 (373. 1. N. 2); H-B. 392. a）; the dir. object is ea, the omitted antecedent of quae. — commeatus: subject of possent. 52.23.

ut … possent: subst. clause of result, object of efficiebat （§ 568 (332); B. 297. 1; G. 553. 1; H. 573. 1 (501. ii. 1); H-B. 521. 3. a ）; cf. this with the pure result clause, 50 22, and with the subject clause of result, 51 6. 52.24.

efficiebat: the subject is still quae res; observe the imperfect tenses describing the situation, and cf. note on 3 5. 52.25.

in altera parte, on the other side, i.e. on the left bank of the Aisne, towards the Remi. Caesar had crossed the stream, and encamped on the side toward the Suessiones. 52.27.

pedum xii: gen.of measure, with vallo （§ 345. b (215. b); B. 203. 2; G. 365. R. 2; H. 440. 3 (396. V); H-B. 355）. When pronouncing the Latin, always give the Latin words for numerals. — duodeviginti pedum: i.e. a moat 18 feet in width. See chapter on military affairs, V, and Fig. 118.


Caesar's Gallic War. J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge and M. Grant Daniell. Boston. Ginn and Company. 1898.

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  • Commentary references from this page (23):
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 193
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 293
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 308
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 345
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 355
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 393
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 395
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 491
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 516
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 530
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 543
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 568
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 208
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 282
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 331
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 340
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 365
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 381
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 545
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 553
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 561
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 596
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 610
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