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H. rightly recognizes the importance of the Halys, which is the ethnic frontier in Asia Minor (cf. App. I, § 1); its change in direction from south-west to north-west is implied in ἄνω; it rises in ‘Little Armenia’. The Armenians, who were Φρυγῶν ἄποικοι (vii. 73), had already spread beyond the Halys. For H.'s Cilicia cf. iii. 90. 3 n. Ματιηνούς. The passages as to the Matieni may be summarized as follows (cf. T. Reinach, R. E. G. vii. (1894) 313 seq.): (1) They are placed on the south-west of the Caspian, though not touching it (Strabo, 514; in 509 S. puts them in Media), but had originally a greater extension to the south-west; so Xanthus, fr. 3 (F. H. G. i. 36) places L. Urmiah (L. Matianus) among them. (2) This wider sense is the usual one in H.; the Matieni (iii. 94. 1), are grouped with the Saspeires (south-east of Trapezus) and the Alarodii (in valley of Araxes) in the eighteenth satrapy; so the Araxes rises ἐκ Ματιηνῶν (202. 3). (3) But their name extends even more widely, e.g. Mount Zagros = ‘Matienian Mountains’ (189. 1), and in v. 49. 6, 52. 4-5 Matiene fills the whole space between Armenia and Susiana, and is crossed by the Royal Road in thirty-four stages; i. e. it includes what H. elsewhere calls ‘Assyria’, and = modern Turkish and Persian Kurdistan. But H. is inconsistent: for in v. 52. 4 he makes the Greater Zab rise in Armenia, though its source, being south-east of that of the Araxes, should be in Matiene. (4) Quite different is the meaning in the passage here and in vii. 72. 2, which put the Matieni on the bend of the Halys, near the Paphlagonians. Reinach conjectures they were once a widespread race, reaching from the Halys to near the Caspian; but they were cut in two by Armenian immigration, and so survived at two ends of their former home; perhaps they may = the ‘Mitani’ of Tell-El-Amarna tablets. Of the four uses of Ματιηνοί (2) is the official name, while (3) is the older geographical name of the whole region. Συρίους Καππαδόκας. H. sometimes puts the general name first (as here and in vi. 20), sometimes the special name (Ἀρκάδες Πελασγοί 146. 1).
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