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τὸ . . . ἀπὸ Ἴστρου: adverbial (not with τὸ πρὸς θάλασσαν); translate ‘starting from the Ister’. So too τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ ταύτης below (§ 3) is adverbial. αὐτῆς: excluding the Tauric land. ἀρχαίη. Stein translates ‘Scythia proper’; but if so, what was ‘new Scythia’? Probably Western Scythia, which was agricultural (c. 17), is meant (Macan); this would have been the part which the Greeks knew first. μέχρι . . . Καρκινίτιδος. Carcinitis is the city on the north-west edge of the Tauric peninsula. The gulf on which it stands really runs east and west; but H. thought it ran north and south (as Strabo 308 also implies). H. was quite ignorant of the real shape of the Crimea, which he conceives of as resembling Attica, i. e. as a triangular projection of Scythia, running south-east (§ 4). Strabo (308) was the first to call it Χερρόνησος.
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