Euclid, Elements
Thomas L. Heath, Sir Thomas Little Heath, Ed.

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Leonardum de Basilea et Gulielmum de Papia), but without the dedication to Mocenigo who had died in the meantime (1485). If Campanus added anything of his own, his additions are at all events not distinguished by any difference of type or otherwise; the enunciations are in large type, and the rest is printed continuously in smaller type. There are no superscriptions to particular passages such as Euclides ex Campano, Campanus, Campani additio, or Campani annotatio, which are found for the first time in the Paris edition of 1516 giving both Campanus' version and that of Zamberti (presently to be mentioned).

1501. G. Valla included in his encyclopaedic work De expetendis et fugiendis rebus published in this year at Venice (in aedibus Aldi Romani) a number of propositions with proofs and scholia translated from a Greek MS. which was once in his possession (cod. Mutin. III B, 4 of the 15th c.).

1505. In this year Bartolomeo Zamberti (Zambertus) brought out at Venice the first translation, from the Greek text, of the whole of the Elements. From the title¹, as well as from his prefaces to the Catoptrica and Data, with their allusions to previous translators “who take some things out of authors, omit some, and change some,” or “to that most barbarous translator” who filled a volume purporting to be Euclid's “with extraordinary scarecrows, nightmares and phantasies,” one object of Zamberti's translation is clear. His animus against Campanus appears also in a number of notes, e.g. when he condemns the terms “helmuain” and “helmuariphe” used by Campanus as barbarous, un-Latin etc., and when he is roused to wrath by Campanus' unfortunate mistranslation of v. Def. 5. He does not seem to have had the penetration to see that Campanus was translating from an Arabic, and not from a Greek, text. Zamberti tells us that he spent seven years over his translation of the thirteen Books of the Elements. As he seems to have been born in 1473, and the Elements were printed as early as 1500, though the complete work (including the Phaenomena, Optica, Catoptrica, Data etc.) has the date 1505 at the end, he must have translated Euclid before the age of 30. Heiberg has not been able to identify the MS. of the Elements which Zamberti used; but it is clear that it belonged to the worse class of MSS., since it contains most of the interpolations of the Theonine variety. Zamberti, as his title shows, attributed the proofs to Theon.

1509. As a counterblast to Zamberti, Luca Paciuolo brought out an edition of Euclid, apparently at the expense of Ratdolt, at Venice (per Paganinum de Paganinis), in which he set himself to vindicate Campanus. The title-page of this now very rare edition² begins thus: “The works of Euclid of Megara, a most acute philosopher and without ”